PARIS (AP) — Firebombs and pig heads thrown into mosques. Veiled women subjected to insults in the
street. The Internet awash with threats against Muslims. Europe’s Muslims are feeling the heat of a
fierce backlash following last week’s terror attack against French satirical newspaper Charlie Hebdo.

An official who keeps track of Islamophobic attacks in France said there were 60 incidents — attacks and
threats — in the six days since that attack.
A climate of fear is taking hold in Europe, stoked by rightist rhetoric equating the millions of peaceful
Muslims with the few plotting murder and mayhem.
Abdallah Zekri, head of the National Observatory Against Islamophobia, said that since last Wednesday’s
massacre at Charlie Hebdo, 26 places of worship around France were attacked by firebombs, gunshots or
pig heads, with a mosque in Le Mans hit with four grenades. There were 34 insults and threats.
The three-day terror spree in Paris claimed the lives of 17 victims, and traumatized a continent already
brimming with anti-immigrant sentiment. Brothers Cherif and Said Kouachi — the al-Qaida-linked suspects
in the magazine attack — were killed in a shootout at a printing plant north of Paris; their apparent
accomplice Amedy Coulibaly was shot dead in a near-simultaneous raid at a Jewish market, where he had
holed himself up with hostages, killing four.
French authorities are warning the nation against linking French Muslims with terrorists.
"The terrorists’ religion is not Islam, which they are betraying," Foreign Minister Laurent
Fabius said last week. "It’s barbarity."
To make the point stick, he said he doesn’t want the word "Islamist" used to describe the
killers.
"I call that terrorists," he said this week on iTele, explaining he doesn’t want to link
terrorists with those who practice their "religion of peace."
Concerns about a backlash against Muslims were discussed Monday during a counter-terrorism meeting at the
Interior Ministry. "We said above all, pretty unanimously, that in France there are 5 or 6 million
Muslims. These (terrorist) issues concern 1,000 individuals," said Socialist lawmaker Patrick
Mennucci. "We should be careful not to stigmatize anyone."
Coulibaly’s mother and daughters, presenting condolences to the victims, issued a plea in a statement
delivered to the French press "that there will be no amalgam between these odious acts and the
Muslim religion."
Yet Muslims and some experts said that it was inevitable that Muslims would fall under suspicion after
the attacks, despite a unity march on Sunday — described as the largest in French history — in which
throngs of Muslims participated.
The rising far-right in France and other European countries has been driven by an anti-immigration,
anti-Islam message. National Front leader Marine Le Pen seized upon the Charlie Hebdo attack just hours
after it happened, suggesting it was a vindication of her party’s xenophobic stance. Extreme-right
groups across Europe have increasingly been striking a chord with ordinary citizens voicing fears their
culture is being uprooted by an alien civilization.
The fledgling German group that calls itself Patriotic Europeans Against the Islamization of the West, or
PEGIDA, drew its largest crowd ever Monday night — a reported 40,000 — at its weekly rally in Dresden,
after organizers declared it a tribute to the victims of the French attacks. No anti-Islamic acts have
been reported in Germany since the terror.
French Muslims were already facing a backlash triggered by terror acts by French radicals twisting their
religion — particularly since the rampage in southern France in 2012 in which Mohamed Merah killed three
children at a Jewish school, a rabbi and three paratroopers. Anti-Islam sentiment spread further after
the killing of four people by a French Muslim at the Brussels Jewish Museum in May.
Anti-Muslim and anti-Jewish incidents rose throughout 2014 in France, which has Europe’s largest
communities of both religions.
"For Muslims, the shock is grave in this climate of Islamophobia, of aggressions against places of
worship," read a statement by Dalil Boubakeur, head of the French Council for the Muslim Faith and
the most visible Muslim in France.
France’s state of high alert after the Charlie Hebdo rampage — with 10,000 soldiers deployed in the
streets — may deepen a sense of siege within the Muslim population.
French authorities have long warned that France is a preferred target of Islamic extremists. France
routed al-Qaida from northern Mali — two years ago to the day before Coulibaly attacked the Jewish
market — and is now carrying out airstrikes in Iraq against the Islamic State group. Both al-Qaida and
IS have threatened France.
But the attacks have had an effect outside France, too. In the Netherlands, Muslim groups and the
government met Friday and said they plan to register anti-Muslim incidents. A burning object was thrown
at a mosque in Vlaardingen, on the outskirts of Rotterdam.
"Everyone has this uncomfortable feeling, a sense of being threatened — Muslims because they are
afraid to be stigmatized and that they will be attacked too," said Imade Annouri, a Green
parliamentarian of Belgium’s regional legislature of Flanders and an expert on integration issues.
TellMAMA, a British group that tracks anti-Muslim attacks, reported 50-60 cases of specific online
threats to individuals over the weekend.
"The sheer volume is unbelievable," said the organization’s director, Fiyaz Mughal, who fears
virtual assaults could spur real ones in the street. Mughal said that after the slaying of British
soldier Lee Rigby in London, the group was able to gauge how threats made on Twitter and Facebook
translated directly into attacks on individuals or mosques.
Mohamed Ali Adraoui, a fellow at the European University Institute, suggested that hatred of Islam could
morph into an assault on a mosque, in France or elsewhere.
"If you can do that in Charlie Hebdo offices, you can do it in a mosque," he said.
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Raf Casert in Brussels, Danica Kirka in London, Mike Corder in Amsterdam and Milos Krivokapic in Paris
contributed to this report.
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