LONDON (AP) — Prime Minister Boris Johnson announced on Monday a new national lockdown for England until
at least mid-February to combat a fast-spreading new variant of the coronavirus, even as Britain ramped
up its vaccination program by becoming the first nation to start using the shot developed by Oxford
University and drugmaker AstraZeneca.
Johnson said people must stay at home again, as they were ordered to do so in the first wave of the
pandemic in March, this time because the new virus variant was spreading in a "frustrating and
alarming" way.
"As I speak to you tonight, our hospitals are under more pressure from COVID than at any time since
the start of the pandemic," he said in a televised address.
From Tuesday, primary and secondary schools and colleges will be closed for face to face learning except
for the children of key workers and vulnerable pupils. University students will not be returning until
at least mid-February. People were told to work from home unless it’s impossible to do so, and leave
home only for essential trips.
All nonessential shops and personal care services like hairdressers will be closed, and restaurants can
only operate takeout services.
As of Monday, there were 26,626 COVID-19 patients in hospitals in England, an increase of more than 30%
from a week ago. That is 40% above the highest level of the first wave in the spring.
Large areas of England were already under tight restrictions as officials try to control an alarming
surge in coronavirus cases in recent weeks, blamed on a new variant of COVID-19 that is more contagious
than existing variants. Authorities have recorded more than 50,000 new infections daily since passing
that milestone for the first time on Dec. 29. On Monday, they reported 407 virus-related deaths to push
the confirmed death toll total to 75,431, one of the worst in Europe.
The U.K.’s chief medical officers warned that without further action, "there is a material risk of
the National Health Service in several areas being overwhelmed over the next 21 days."
Hours earlier, Scotland’s leader, Nicola Sturgeon, also imposed a lockdown there with broadly similar
restrictions from Tuesday until the end of January.
"I am more concerned about the situation we face now than I have been at any time since March last
year," Sturgeon said in Edinburgh.
The announcements came on the day U.K. health authorities began putting the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine
into arms around the country, fueling hopes that life may begin returning to normal by the spring.
"The weeks ahead will be the hardest yet but I really do believe that we’re entering the last phase
of the struggle," Johnson said.
Britain has secured the rights to 100 million doses of the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine, which is cheaper
and easier to use than some of its rivals. In particular, it doesn’t require the super-cold storage
needed for the Pfizer vaccine.
The new vaccine will be administered at a small number of hospitals for the first few days so authorities
can watch out for any adverse reactions. Officials said hundreds of new vaccination sites — including
local doctors’ offices — will open later this week, joining the more than 700 vaccination sites already
in operation.
A "massive ramp-up operation" is now underway, Johnson said. The goal was that by mid-February,
some 13 million people in the top priority groups — care home residents, all those over 70 years old,
frontline health and social workers, and those deemed extremely clinically vulnerable — will be
vaccinated, he said.
Brian Pinker, an 82-year-old dialysis patient, received the first Oxford-AstraZeneca shot early Monday at
Oxford University Hospital.
"The nurses, doctors and staff today have all been brilliant, and I can now really look forward to
celebrating my 48th wedding anniversary with my wife, Shirley, later this year," Pinker said in a
statement released by the National Health Service.
But aspects of Britain’s vaccination plan have spurred controversy.
Both vaccines require two shots, and Pfizer had recommended that the second dose be given within 21 days
of the first. But the U.K.’s Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunization said authorities should
give the first vaccine dose to as many people as possible, rather than setting aside shots to ensure
others receive two doses. It has stretched out the time between the doses from 21 days to within 12
weeks.
While two doses are required to fully protect against COVID-19, both vaccines provide high levels of
protection after the first dose, the committee said. Making the first dose the priority will
"maximize benefits from the vaccination program in the short term," it said.
Stephen Evans, a professor of pharmacoepidemiology at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical
Medicine, said policymakers are being forced to balance the potential risks of this change against the
benefits in the middle of a deadly pandemic.
"As has become clear to everyone during 2020, delays cost lives," Evans said. "When
resources of doses and people to vaccinate are limited, then vaccinating more people with potentially
less efficacy is demonstrably better than a fuller efficacy in only half."
Monday’s urgent announcement was yet another change of course for Johnson, who had stuck with a regional
alert system that stipulated varying restrictions for areas depending on the severity of local
infections. London and large areas of southeast England were put under the highest level of restrictions
in mid-December, and more regions soon joined them.
But it soon became clear that the regional approach wasn’t working to tamp down the spread of the virus,
and critics have been clamoring for a tougher national lockdown.
And while schools in London were already closed due to high infection rates in the capital, Johnson had
said that students in many parts of the country could return to classrooms on Monday after the Christmas
holidays, to the dismay of teachers’ unions.
"We are relieved the government has finally bowed to the inevitable and agreed to move schools and
colleges to remote education in response to alarming COVID infection rates," said Geoff Barton,
general secretary of the Association of School and College Leaders.
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Jill Lawless contributed to this report.
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