Pardons in killings of Iraqi civilians stir angry response

WASHINGTON (AP) — The courtroom monitors carried the image of a smiling 9-year-old boy as his father
pleaded for the punishment of four U.S. government contractors convicted in shootings that killed that
child and more than a dozen other Iraqi civilians.
"What’s the difference," Mohammad Kinani al-Razzaq asked a Washington judge at an emotional
2015 sentencing hearing, "between these criminals and terrorists?"
The shootings of civilians by Blackwater employees at a crowded Baghdad traffic circle in September 2007
prompted an international outcry, left a reputational black eye on U.S. operations at the height of the
Iraq war and put the government on the defensive over its use of private contractors in military zones.
The resulting criminal prosecutions spanned years in Washington but came to an abrupt end Tuesday when
President Donald Trump pardoned the convicted contractors, an act that human rights activists and some
Iraqis decried as a miscarriage of justice.
The news comes at a delicate moment for the Iraqi leadership, which is trying to balance growing calls by
some Iraqi factions for a complete U.S. troop withdrawal from Iraq with what they see as the need for a
more gradual drawdown.
"The infamous Blackwater company killed Iraqi citizens at Nisoor Square. Today we heard they were
released upon personal order by President Trump, as if they don’t care for the spilled Iraqi
blood," said Saleh Abed, a Baghdad resident walking in the square.
The United Nations’ Human Rights office said Wednesday that it was "deeply concerned" by the
pardons, which it said "contributes to impunity and has the effect of emboldening others to commit
such crimes in the future." The Iraqi Foreign Ministry said the pardons "did not take into
account the seriousness of the crime committed," and that it would urge the U.S. to reconsider.
Al-Razzaq, the father of the slain boy, told the BBC that the pardon decision "broke my life
again."
Lawyers for the contractors, who had aggressively defended the men for more than a decade, offered a
different take.
They have long asserted that the shooting began only after the men were ambushed by gunfire from
insurgents and then shot back in defense. They have pointed to problems with the prosecution — the first
indictment was dismissed by a judge — and argued that the trial that ended with their convictions was
tainted by false testimony and withheld evidence.
"Paul Slough and his colleagues didn’t deserve to spend one minute in prison," said Brian
Heberlig, a lawyer for one of the four pardoned defendants. "I am overwhelmed with emotion at this
fantastic news."
Though the circumstances of the shooting have long been contested, there is no question the Sept. 16,
2007, episode — which began after the contractors were ordered to create a safe evacuation route after a
car bomb explosion — was a low point for U.S.-Iraqi relations, coming just years after the Abu Ghraib
torture scandal.
The FBI and Congress opened investigations, and the State Department — which used the Blackwater firm to
provide security for diplomats — ordered a review of practices. The guards would later be charged in the
deaths of 14 civilians, including women and children, in what U.S. prosecutors said was a wild,
unprovoked attack by sniper fire, machine guns and grenade launchers against unarmed Iraqis.
Robert Ford, who served as a U.S. diplomat in Iraq over five years, met with the widows and other
relatives of the victims after the killings, handing out envelopes of money in compensation and formal
U.S. apologies — though without admitting guilt since investigations were ongoing.
"It was one of the very worst occasions I can remember in my time" in Iraq, said Ford, who
teaches at Yale University. "That was just horrible. We had killed these people’s relatives and
they were still terribly grieving."
The widows mostly took the envelopes silently. Some of the adult male relatives of those killed spoke up,
bitterly. "How could you do this? We must have justice," Ford recounted in an interview
Wednesday.
Adding to the angry fallout among Iraqis was the involvement of Blackwater, a security firm founded by
Erik Prince, a former Navy SEAL who is a Trump ally and brother of Education Secretary Betsy DeVos. The
company had already developed an unfavorable reputation for acting with impunity, its guards frequently
accused of firing shots at the slightest pretext, including to clear their way in traffic.
A review of Blackwater’s own incident reports in 2007 by House Democrats found Blackwater contractors
reported they engaged in 195 "escalation of force" shootings over the preceding two years —
with Blackwater reporting its guards shooting first more than 80% of the time.
The 2007 killings in the Baghdad traffic circle were among many attacks, large and small, hitting
civilians that served to turn even some initial Iraqi supporters of Saddam Hussein’s overthrow against
Americans. In 2005, for instance, Marines were accused of killing 24 unarmed men, women and children in
the western town of Haditha in anger over a car bomb attack. U.S. military prosecutions in those
killings ended with no jail sentences.
The case against the Blackwater guards ping-ponged across courts in Washington, with a federal appeals
court at one point overturning the first-degree murder conviction of one defendant, Nicholas Slatten,
and sharply reducing the prison sentences of the three others. All four were in prison when the pardons
were issued.
The guards defiantly asserted their innocence at their 2015 sentencing hearing, with Slough stating that
he felt "utterly betrayed by the same government I served honorably." Another defendant,
Dustin Heard, said he could "not say in all honesty to the court that I did anything wrong."

The judge rejected that characterization, saying the "overall wild thing that went on here just
cannot ever be condoned by the court."
Besides the legal impact, there could potentially be diplomatic and strategic consequences as well as
Iraq assesses the U.S. military presence there.
In Iraq, said Ford, the former diplomat, the pardons will "necessarily give some ammunition to those
who say get the Americans out now."
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Associated Press writer Samya Kullab in Baghdad contributed to this report.