TRAVERSE CITY, Mich. (AP) — Environmentalists in Illinois
expected a battle royal over their call for a statewide ban on
"microbeads" — tiny bits of plastic used in personal care products such
as facial scrubs and toothpaste that are flowing by the billions into
the Great Lakes and other waterways. Discovered only recently, they’re
showing up inside fish that are caught for human consumption, scientists
say.
But instead of resisting, leading companies quickly
collaborated on a ban that was enacted by the state legislature this
spring. And with similar measures now pending in at least three other
large states and in Congress, the extinction of microbeads is taking
shape as one of the unlikeliest events in the politics of nature: a
low-stress compromise by interest groups that are often at each other’s
throats.
"To have that happen in one year is rare," said Jen
Walling of the Illinois Environmental Council, recalling the pessimistic
response when she initially sought legislative sponsors. "I was not
predicting we’d get it done at all."
Don’t get used to it, said
Mark Biel of the Chemical Industry Council of Illinois, which
represented the product manufacturers during three months of
negotiations. The quick deal resulted from unique circumstances, he
said, including the availability of substitute ingredients.
"I just concluded that maybe this was one of those issues where it would be smart to try to work
something out," he said.
Disagreements
over details are delaying similar bills in California and New York,
while a measure in Ohio has gained little traction. Still, all sides
expect deals in most cases, and that given those states’ outsized place
in the market, microbeads will disappear from U.S. products as the
industry swallows the cost.
U.S. Rep. Frank Pallone Jr., a New
Jersey Democrat, introduced a bill Wednesday proposing a nationwide ban
that would take effect in 2018.
Environmentalists hope the
collaborative experience carries over to debates concerning the Great
Lakes’ other ills. Biel’s group last year helped scuttle a proposal to
restrict flame retardants, which some consider an emerging contaminant
in the freshwater seas. Still, he says the microbead talks nurtured a
better working relationship, as have negotiations over fending off
invasive species like the Asian carp.
"There is room for common ground," he said.
It’s
been known for years that the world’s oceans teem with masses of
floating plastic. But microplastics in the Great Lakes were discovered
only when scientists dragged the surface of all five lakes in 2012 and
2013 with specially designed nets and found the specks everywhere.
Barely
visible without a microscope, the bits flow through wastewater
treatment plant screens and into the lakes. Sherri Mason, an
environmental scientist with State University of New York-Fredonia who
was a leader of the research team, said the beads are showing up the
stomachs of Great Lakes perch and in fish-eating birds like the
double-crested cormorant. Her group is studying whether the particles
are absorbing toxins in the lakes.
Because treated wastewater
flows into so many waterways, Mason said, "Every river and every inland
lake you look at is going to have some plastic in it."
The plastic
exfoliants apparently came into widespread use in the 1990s, preferred
because they are smoother to the skin than natural ingredients. Laurent
Gilbert, director of advanced research at L’Oreal, said they have "no
proven environmental toxicity."
Still, Procter & Gamble,
Johnson & Johnson, Colgate, Unilever and L’Oreal are among the
companies announcing plans to replace microbeads with natural substances
such as ground-up fruit pits, oatmeal and sea salt.
The industry
has yet to endorse a California bill that wouldn’t make an exception for
biodegradable microbeads, which the industry says are on the drawing
board. A ban has unanimously passed New York’s state Assembly, but is
awaiting Senate action while the industry pushes for a slower timetable.
The measure would prohibit most cosmetics with microbeads by 2016. The
Illinois phase-out is more gradual, running from 2017 to the end of
2019.
The companies say that it can take years to develop new mixtures and get them to market.
But with microbeads apparently on their way out, ban supporters say the lesson is that public pressure
can pay off.
"People
say, ‘Wait, there’s plastic in my face wash? In my toothpaste?’" said
Mason, who teamed with the California-based organization 5 Gyres on the
research. "They understand innately that this isn’t right and …
industry definitely responds. When we put our minds to something we can
make it happen."