RIO DE JANEIRO (AP) — A stray bullet hits the neck of a
small boy near an area where thousands of soccer fans had earlier
watched Brazil play on a giant screen. A volley of gunfire is heard near
Honduras’ training camp. An angry off-duty police officer is caught on
camera pulling out a handgun and firing two shots in the air to scatter
protesters.
From northeastern Fortaleza, to coastal Rio de Janeiro
to the rural interior of Sao Paulo state, the sound of gunfire has
echoed during this year’s World Cup.
Firearms proliferate in
Brazil, where the drug trade has created a culture steeped in violence.
With the world’s eyes on the South American country for international
soccer’s premier event, it’s inevitable that Brazil’s gun culture is
being noticed as well.
The more than 15 million arms in the country are carried mostly by gang members and police.
Firearm-related
deaths in Brazil are still among the highest in the world, even though
the number of murders in the country has stabilized in recent years.
Around 40,000 people are killed annually by guns in Brazil, roughly four
times the number in the U.S., the world’s biggest civilian gun market
and a country larger by more than 100 million people.
The flood of
weapons belies tough gun laws that would make many National Rifle
Association members cringe. Like everything in bureaucratic Brazil, from
opening a bank account to starting a business, purchasing a gun can be
time-consuming. Along with a background check, buyers must complete a
sworn affidavit stating why they want a gun, undergo an evaluation by a
psychologist and pass a test demonstrating they know how to handle the
weapon.
As a result, most guns are obtained illegally. Gang
members who dominate slums covering large swaths of cities like Sao
Paulo and Rio prefer imported assault weapons that are smuggled across
the largely porous border in the Amazon and other jungle areas.
Pistols
and smaller-caliber guns are mostly manufactured in Brazil and sold
legally, but wind up on the black market by criminal gangs dedicated to
stealing weapons or by police officers who seize them at crime scenes.
"Brazil
is engulfed by violence and a lot of people are lured into thinking
that by arming themselves they can defend themselves," said Antonio
Costa, founder of Rio da Paz, a group that works to reduce Brazil’s
violence. "But it’s a complete fallacy, because the bandits are always
better armed and know to strike when the victim least expects it."
Armed
gangs don’t appear to be targeting the tens of thousands of tourists
who have flooded into Brazil, or otherwise disrupt the World Cup. But
the frequent gunfire has intruded on the soccer tournament.
In the
latest shooting incident Tuesday night, two people in a car drove by
with guns blazing on the same beach in Fortaleza where hours earlier
thousands of fans gathered at the FIFA Fan Fest to watch Brazil battle
Mexico to a scoreless draw. A 7-year-old boy was rushed to the hospital
with a bullet wound.
No other gunfire injuries related to the Cup have been reported.
Costa
says he’s pessimistic that the country’s gun violence will wane, saying
that only a major tragedy could raise Brazilians’ awareness about the
risk of firearms.
He pointed to President Dilma Rousseff’s signing
this month of a law allowing prison guards to carry firearms off-duty,
in response to threats from inmates and their cohorts on the outside, as
a reflection of an entrenched culture of self-defense in the face of
widespread impunity that leaves 90 percent of the nation’s homicides
unsolved.
Since voters in a 2005 referendum rejected a proposed
ban on the sale of guns and ammunition to civilians, the government has
relied on disarmament campaign aimed at halting the spiral of violence,
paying up to $200 to anyone who turns in a weapon.
But many of the
600,000-plus weapons surrendered in the past decade are aging rifles
and pistols, not the automatic weapons that criminals carry.