TOKYO (AP) — Japanese newspapers splashed front-page
photos this week of a Tokyo assemblyman bowing deeply to a female
colleague after admitting that he had heckled her with a sexist remark.
The
uproar over the rude comments aimed at Ayaka Shiomura by some male
lawmakers reflects both greater awareness of women’s issues and the
pervasiveness of traditional chauvinist attitudes in business and
political circles.
The latter poses a major challenge to Prime
Minister Shinzo Abe’s goal of greater advancement for Japan’s
well-educated but underemployed women, a mainstay in his arsenal of
strategies for reviving the economy.
"I must admit that it’s a
very difficult environment for women to work," the 35-year-old Shiomura
said at a news conference Tuesday. "Everything is run by the male
standard, and naturally, that’s the kind of environment that caused the
problem."
As she addressed the Tokyo Metropolitan Assembly on June
18 about maternity support, delaying marriage and other issues, a voice
from the floor said "You are the one who should get married first,"
followed by laughter and more heckling, including "She must be single"
and "Can’t you even have babies?"
Shiomura’s complaints about the
comments, through Facebook and Twitter, triggered a vehement public
reaction and a petition drive demanding the hecklers be punished. "I
really hope that the latest incident will provide an incentive for a
change so that the same problem will never be repeated," she said.
Assemblyman
Akihiro Suzuki, 51, came forward to apologize Monday for the first
comment, so far the only heckler to do so. He later told reporters that
he didn’t mean to insult her, but still said he "really hoped she could
marry soon, bearing in mind this ongoing trend where women are delaying
marriage and having fewer children."
As its work force ages and
shrinks, Japan needs women to help fill labor shortages and drive
economic growth. Abe has made greater female participation one of his
top priorities to lift the economy out of two decades of doldrums,
promising to boost the number of places available for childcare. In a
growth strategy announced Tuesday, he included a call to increase the
number of women in the workforce by 530,000 within one year.
The call was part of a renewed push to empower women.
Abe
launched an official blog called "SHINE! — Toward a Japan where all
women can shine." He said his blog is designed to provide a home to
collect ideas from around the country to help women succeed, and said
the government will back all women, whether pursuing careers or staying
at home.
He also met business leaders and the two female Cabinet
members at a panel promoting women’s representation in management-level
positions, telling them that "measures to promote further performance by
women, who are the biggest potential power, is the core of our growth
strategy."
Finally, he apologized to the leader of Shiomura’s
political party for the trouble caused by Suzuki, who resigned from
Abe’s ruling Liberal Democratic Party because of the incident.
Despite
Abe’s support for greater gender equality, overt discrimination
persists in hiring, promotion and pay — as well as in prevailing social
attitudes and management styles.
Given the arduous commutes in big
cities such as Tokyo, the long working hours and limited availability
of affordable child care, most women stop working for at least a few
years after they have children. When they return to work, they often get
part-time, lower-paying jobs, because Japan’s inflexible, largely
one-way career paths are less tolerant of career change.
Little help coming from their husbands in child-rearing and domestic work also keeps mothers from getting
fulltime jobs.
In
the broader workforce, women earn an average of only about 110,000 yen
($1,100) a month. Growing numbers of never-married or divorced women,
and half of all children of single mothers, live in poverty.
Given those realities, the population is declining as Japanese women increasingly opt out of marriage and
motherhood.
Japan
can ill afford that lost economic potential, said Goldman Sachs
economist Kathy Matsui, who coined the term "womenomics" in arguing for a
better deal for Japan’s working women. "The government, businesses and
society all have to reform in order to resolve this problem," she said
in a recent speech.
More than half of all Japanese women attend
college — almost on a par with men — but women are paid only 70 percent
of men’s wages for equal work, according to government data. Japan ranks
105th in the Geneva-based World Economic Forum’s Global Gender Gap
Report, which measures economic equality and political participation.
Iceland was No. 1, and the U.S. 23rd.
Abe has proposed requiring
that a third of all senior management in government agencies be women
and has pressured the private sector to promote more women, including to
board positions. Women make up only 3.9 percent of board members of
listed Japanese companies, versus 12 percent in the U.S. and 18 percent
in France, according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and
Development. Japan has never had a female head of state.
Shiomura,
the female assemblywoman who was heckled, said that while she was glad
Abe had set such goals for women, she was doubtful about its success
given the prevailing male-oriented business and political culture.
"If
you just look at the Tokyo metropolitan assembly, the environment is
not one that would accommodate women’s advancement," she said. "The
reality is just not up to that level yet. Under the current
circumstances, I doubt Abe’s ‘womenomics’ can be achieved."